He was the Minister of
National Security in the
Cabinet of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 6 June 2016.
[3] On 4 March 2018, he was relieved of his duties in an unexpected cabinet reshuffle.
[4]
Background and education[edit]
Joining The NRA guerillas[edit]
During his time at Makerere, Tumukunde was involved in anti-government politics, which subsequently led to his joining of then rebels, the
National Resistance Army, led by current Ugandan President
Yoweri Museveni. Tumukunde was hounded by the government security services during his last year at the university and on completion, decided to join the
Ugandan Bush War, along with two of his friends at the time, Major General
Mugisha Muntu and Colonel Jet Mwebaze.
[7]
Obote's security services at the time caught wind of their impending departure for the bush and mounted an attack on the NRA's transit house, a shop in the country's capital city,
Kampala. It is said that Tumukunde alongside Muntu posed as shopkeepers, surviving what would have been sure torture and death. In the early stages of the war, Tumukunde was a machine gunner and eventually went on to become one of the senior officers in the rebel army, indicated by his senior number RA 0111.
[7]
In 1985, during one of the bigger battles with the
then Uganda army in
Luweero District, Tumukunde was shot multiple times in his legs. The wounds were so major that it was thought he would not survive. He was, however, smuggled out of the country to
Nairobi and eventually to London where he was operated on.
[8]
Presidential Aspiration.[edit]
On 3rd March 2020, Henry Tumukunde declared that he will be challenging
Yoweri Kaguta Museveni for the seat of presidency in 2021. In a press briefing, Tumukunde attributed his decision to the fact that
NRM party and Yoweri Kaguta Museveni were not ready to discuss a peaceful transition of power.
[9]
Post-Bush[edit]
On capturing power, Tumukunde was promoted to the rank of major and appointed
first secretary and
military attache at the Ugandan Embassy in the United Kingdom. Subsequently, Tumukunde was sent on a Command and Staff Course at the
Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Jaji, in
Kaduna,
Nigeria from where he emerged as one of the best students. He later on returned to Uganda where he became the Army's director of planning. Tumukunde served in this role for many years and was very instrumental in the set up of formal military structures in the UPDF, which had until then been a rebel army.
[7]
In 1994, Uganda held elections for the Constituent Assembly and Tumukunde sought to represent his home county Rubaabo. His main competitor was a government minister and senior figure
Mondo Kagonyera. Tumukunde, who was in early thirties at the time, was thought to be the underdog in the race; however, Tumukunde was a very good mobiliser and won by a
landslide margin. Tumukunde then joined the CA, which formulated the current 1995 Ugandan Constitution. Tumukunde was known to be a regular and astute contributor to the sessions and debates that preceded the formation of the Constitution.
[7]
Following the set-up of the constitution, Uganda held elections and Tumukunde subsequently became a member of parliament representing the Army as a special interest group. He went on to serve as an MP until 2005. In addition to this, Tumukunde was promoted to the rank of
lieutenant colonel and appointed chief of personnel and administration. In 1998, Tumukunde was again promoted to the rank of
colonel and appointed chief of military intelligence and security. His tenure was arguably the most successful by any officer as it is during this time that
Al-Qaeda's plan to bomb the American Embassy was thwarted. There was also a time where
bombings were rampant within the capital
Kampala, and once again Tumukunde formed several intelligence committees within the city and the problem was managed. Tumukunde also built an amicable rapport with the
Muslim community, which many had accused of spearheading the attacks, so much so that key intelligence information was forwarded to him with ease. Arguably, it was during his reign that the Ugandan intelligence apparatus was at its most efficient.
[7]
Tumukunde was then promoted to
brigadier general and transferred to command the UPDF Fourth Division based in
Gulu. At the time, the war with the LRA was ongoing and Tumukunde made significant headway during his time as division commanding officer in diminishing the threat of the LRA.
[7]
Tumukunde was then appointed director general of the ISO, Uganda's civil intelligence body. During his time at ISO, Tumukunde set up structures that returned ISO to being the country's foremost Intelligence gathering body, just as he had done with CMI. The
Internal Security Organisation became renowned for its efficient and effective approach towards intelligence and
counter-terrorism.
[7]
The fall out[edit]
Tumukunde's fast rise to the upper echelons of both the political and military scene in Uganda marked him out as one of Uganda's most popular and well known figures and ultimately, this, alongside his very strong minded and unrelenting dedication to his country, brought him into the sights of the very institutions he helped to consolidate.
[7]
At a political retreat in 2003, Tumukunde, in the presence of the president and his cabinet, argued against the impending removal of
term limits that would give President Museveni the right to stand for re-election on an infinite basis. Tumukunde stated that this would be in direct contravention of the rights that they fought to establish and that he was not willing to take part in what he considered to be grossly unconstitutional behaviour. Predictably, this put him at loggerheads with the establishment and more so the president.
[7]
Arrests and detentions[edit]
Tumukunde was charged with the offences of abuse of office and spreading harmful propaganda. The abuse of office charges were eventually dropped in a manner suggesting that they had been politically motivated in the first instance. What followed was, however, a surprise to many. Tumukunde was on 28 May 2005 forced to resign from Parliament and subsequently arrested on the orders of the president.
[10]
His home was surrounded by at least 50 soldiers commanded by generals
Kale Kayihura and Masaba who proceeded to arrest him. Tumukunde was then driven in a tightly guarded convoy to an officers' mess turned detention center, where he was incarcerated for nearly 2 years, during which time he had limited and tightly controlled contact with the outside world. His
extrajudicial detention coupled with a series of controversial and uncertain
court martial hearings seemed to backfire leading to irreversible pressure culminating in his release in 2007. His arrest followed his opposing views to the proposed "third term" project that suggested a revision to the Ugandan constitution enabling one to serve an unlimited number of terms as president, removing the two-term maximum limit.
[11]
On 18 April 2013, the UPDF General Court Martial sat to bring an end to the process that had lasted 8 years and summed up its deliberations. The charge of spreading harmful propaganda was dropped while the joint charge of military misconduct was upheld and Tumukunde was subsequently sentenced to a severe reprimand.
[12]
Post Presidential Bid Declaration Arrest[edit]
On Thursday 12th March 2020, General Tumukunde was arrested from his office in Kampala. The aspiring Presidential candidate was arrested on allegations of treason.
Promotion and retirement[edit]
Appointment to cabinet[edit]
On 6 June 2016, he was appointed to the
Cabinet as the Minister of National Security.
[14] He was relieved of his cabinet responsibilities on the evening of Sunday, 4 March 2018, in a
presidential tweet, in which his nemesis, General
Kale Kayihura, the Inspector General of Police was also fired.
[4]
