Demonstrate an understanding of how modernism and postmodernism developed in a global context.

Modernism and postmodernism are cultural movements that emerged in response to the social, political, and economic changes of the 20th century. Both movements emerged in a global context, but with distinct differences in their approach to art, culture, and society.

Modernism arose in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Europe and the United States as a response to the rapid industrialization and technological advancements of the time. Modernists rejected traditional modes of artistic expression and embraced new forms, such as abstraction and expressionism. They believed that art should reflect the modern world and its complexities, and sought to break with the past to create something entirely new.

In a global context, modernism was associated with Western hegemony and imperialism, as the movement was primarily centered in Europe and North America. However, modernism also had an impact on art and culture in other regions of the world, as artists and writers sought to adapt modernist techniques and ideas to their own cultural contexts. For example, the Mexican muralist movement of the 1920s and 1930s was influenced by European modernism but also drew on indigenous Mexican traditions.

Postmodernism emerged in the 1960s and 1970s as a reaction to the perceived failures of modernism. Postmodernists rejected the idea of progress and the notion that art should reflect a single, unified vision of the world. Instead, they celebrated diversity, irony, and fragmentation, and embraced popular culture and consumerism as legitimate forms of artistic expression.

Postmodernism developed in a global context as a response to the political, economic, and cultural changes of the post-World War II era. In the West, postmodernism was a response to the decline of modernist utopianism and the rise of neoliberalism, while in the developing world, it was a response to the legacy of colonialism and the struggle for national identity.

In conclusion, modernism and postmodernism developed in a global context, but with different origins and emphases. Modernism was associated with Western hegemony and imperialism, while postmodernism emerged as a response to the perceived failures of modernism and the changing social and cultural landscape of the post-World War II era. Both movements continue to influence art and culture in the 21st century, although their impact has evolved and transformed over time.